Mar 11, 2011
Topics: Infinitive
Skills: Grammatik
#0030:

Verwendung des Infinitive

 

  • 1. Lesson

  • 2. Exercises

  • 3. Finish

 

 


Der Infinitive kann in der englischen Grammatik mit oder ohne "to" auftreten.

Der Infinitive nach einem Verb mit "to"


Nach bestimmten Verben ist der Infinitive mit "to" zwingend vorgeschrieben. Die folgende Liste enthält die wichtigsten dieser Verben:

afford leisten Tony can afford to buy a new car every year.
agree zustimmen They agreed to sign the contract.
ask bitten Mia asked me to go to the store for her.
attempt versuchen They attempted to win the match in the last minutes.
decide beschließen He decided to take the left path in the woods.
expect erwarten Mom expected to find her at home.
forget vergessen Why should I forget to send you the email?
happen unvorhergesehen geschehen Tom happened to meet her at the cinema.
hesitate zögern Tom hesitated to inform Mary about the result.
hope hoffen I hope to go swimming tomorrow.
learn lernen All children have to learn how to read and write.
manage es schaffen Tom is sure he will manage to be here in time.
offer anbieten I offered to help, but they managed on their own.
pretend so tun als ob (vorgeben) Mary pretended not to see him.
promise versprechen He promised to come with me.
plan planen How are your plans to travel to europe?
refuse ablehnen, sich weigern He refused to play with the other children.
seem scheinen The train seems to be late.
want wollen I want to climb this tree!

Infinitive nach dem Adjektiv

Der Infinitiv wird häufig mit einem Adjektiv verwendet, oft im Zuge einer Satzverkürzung.

Beispiele für den Infinitiv mit einem Adjektiv:

  • We were happy to hear that you were alright.
  • Linda is sorry to miss the first day of school, but she is ill.
  • Is it important to know all these words?


Der Infinitive nach dem Fragewort und speziellen Hauptwörtern


Um Fragesätze zu verkürzen und etwas eleganter klingen zu lassen kann man in der englischen Grammatik den Invinitive nach dem Fragewort verwenden:

  • Tom doesn't remember where he should put his dirty boots. - Tom doesn't remember where to put his dirty boots.
  • I can't decide what I should have for dinner. - I can't decide what to have for dinner.
  • Anni didn't know where she should go. - Anni didn't know where to go.


Der Infinitive nach einigen Hauptwörtern

Nach einigen Hauptwörtern (Nomen) kommt in der englischen Sprache direkt der Infinitive mit "to".

Einige der wichtigsten Hauptwörter nach denen der Infinitive mit "to" kommt sind:

ability Fähigkeit Some people have the ability to think very analytical.
chance Gelegenheit This is your chance to go skiing.
opportunity Möglichkeit In Cuba he had the opportunity to refresh his spanish.
command Befehl Brian gave to command to start walking.
order Befehl She gave order to serve everyone a free drink.
courage Mut Susan had the courage to stand up to Tom.
decision Entscheidung Fred decided to take the exam next year.
freedom Freiheit She had the freedom to go where she wanted.
permission Erlaubnis They got the permission to climb the mountain.
possibility Möglichkeit Miriam took the possibility to catch a ride with us.
reason Grund There is no reason to stay away from the training!
right Recht They used their right to protest against the new law.
time Zeit It's time to leave!
way Art, Weise There is only one way to cross the border.
wish Wunsch Anna wished to walk on her own.

 



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